Determines the tendency of finished oils to form coke when in contact with surfaces at elevated temperatures for short periods. A sample of oil is mechanically splashed against an aluminum test panel at elevated temperature. After a specified test period, the amount of coke deposited on the panel is determined by weight.

Penetration tests are performed on petroleum products to determine consistency and shear stability (lubricating greases) for design, quality control and identification purposes. A standard cone or needle is released from a penetrometer and allowed to drop freely into the sample for 5 seconds (or a different specified interval) at constant temperature. The depth of penetration of the cone or needle into the sample is measured in tenths of a millimeter by the penetrometer.

Dropping point determinations are used for identification and quality control purposes, and can be an indication of the highest temperature of utility for some applications. The sample is heated at a prescribed rate in a precision machined cup whose sides slope toward an opening at its center. The temperature at which a liquid drop first falls from the cup is the dropping point of the sample.

Oxidation stability is determined by exposing the sample to a measured oxygen flow at elevated temperature in the presence of metal catalysts.

Evaluates oxidation stability by subjecting the sample to a temperature of 95°C in the presence of oxygen or dry air. For inhibited mineral oils, the sample is reacted with oxygen in the presence of water and an iron-copper catalyst.

Cloud point and pour point are indicators of the lowest temperature of utility for petroleum products. The sample is periodically examined while it is being cooled in the cloud and pour point apparatus.

Determine the amount of ash in distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products with this ashing furnace. The digital PID control accurately maintains temperature settings. A special air intake and exhaust system provides six air exchanges every minute while incoming air is preheated to ensure good temperature uniformity. Control panel allows you to store up to nine different programs and contains an integrated timer.

Salt content is determined by measuring the conductivity of a solution of crude oil in a polar solvent when subjected to an alternating electrical current and is obtained by comparison of the resulting conductance to a calibration curve of known salt mixtures.

Calibrated Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers Koehler offers a full selection of glass capillary viscometers for measuring kinematic viscosity of liquid petroleum products in accordance with ASTM D445 and related standard test methods.

KV5000 model Kinematic Viscosity Baths with optical flow detection system provide automatic viscosity measurements of petroleum and petrochemical products. Includes communication and power ports for each optical detection assembly, and can utilize up to five optical assemblies.